Gathering and analyzing data essays

Assembling and breaking down information articles Presentation: This test depends on the best possible utilization of direct estimation. An exact straight estimation depends on the best possible use of a metric ruler. Since the analysis utilized estimations of a bended surface, a string was utilized to make an interpretation of the bended length into a straight estimation. All estimations were in centimeters, which is a subordinate of a meter and the standard SI unit of length. The decimal standard, which was utilized here, goes back to 1585 when the utilization of a decimal based estimation framework was recommended (1). Objective: Demonstrating the connection among outline and width Materials: Six diverse measured container covers, string, metric ruler, and diagram paper Methodology: To quantify the boundary of each article the string and metric ruler were utilized. The string was set around the perimater of the article and stamped where it met, at that point the checked string was estimated utilizing the metric ruler. This technique demonstrated the outline of the item. To gauge the distance across of an article the largest part was estimated utilizing the metric ruler. Determination: This examination was a decent show of the relationship of the outline to the measurement. Anyway there were numerous potential wellsprings of blunder in the technique utilized. The string was one since it can extend and was difficult to fold straight over the item. When estimating the width the estimations might not have been exact because of the manner in which the metric ruler was utilized. It was difficult to put at the broadest piece of the item and furthermore the estimation may have been perused inaccurately due to parralax when taking a gander at the markings on the ruler. ... <!

Essay on the Gift of Life in Shakespeares Sonnet 16 -- Sonnet essays

The Precious Gift of Life Revealed in Sonnet 16&nbsp; &nbsp; All through writing writers endeavor to control the progression of time through their works.&nbsp; In William Shakespeare's Piece 16 he tends to this subject using artistic devices.&nbsp; These gadgets demonstrate how the advancement of seasons can't be constrained by words alone.&nbsp; The progression of time is shown through mystery and symbolism, yet it is overwhelmed by the endless existence of descendants, in contrast to the weak expressions of Shakespeare's poem. &nbsp; Change and age help decide time.&nbsp; Shakespeare utilizes oddity to help pass on change and relate it to the past.&nbsp; He says to strengthen yourself in your rot, (3) which tells the peruser that a more grounded being and a more grounded condition of recognition ought to be accomplished before death.&nbsp; Though Shakespeare endeavors to suffer time with stanza, his work alone isn't commendable enough to withstand the future.&nbsp; A conundrum in the couplet shows the best way to accomplish this condition of endless life by giv[ing] away yourself keeps yourself still (13).&nbsp; To accomplish ...

Time passes

Time passes DID YOU KNOW? Milk-producing glands in mammals actually evolved from sweat glands. The duck-billed platypus has no nipples. Thus, in order to feed its live-born young, the platypus secretes milk over the entire front half of its body, and the child just kind of licks it off arbitrarily. Hey folks, not too much of interest going on in my life right now. My entire lab flew all-expenses-paid down to Colorado for the week to conference on sustainable energy with NREL, and Im an undergrad so I didnt get to go. While anxiously waiting for their return, Ive been pursuing the following activities. 1. Playing Jewel Master for the Sega Genesis. The last time I played this was in fifth grade, I remember, because it was the property of my Ukrainian downstairs neighbor Albert. Tip: Once you get the Level 2 Water ring in the ice cavern, equip Wave on the left hand and Fire Viper on the right handits way better than a Fireball / Ice Dagger combination for the rest of the game. 2. Coding in MATLAB. In case you just tuned in, my job is to turn turkey carcasses into oil to help out Changing World Technologies. Check out the article! So, its mostly the fats that break down and thermally depolymerize into diesel-grade oils. Anyway, the problem is that in addition to getting oil from the fats, the carbohydrates (A) and amino acids (B) react to form some crazy copolymers via the Maillard Reaction. Were trying to experimentally determine the rate of this reaction and then compare this rate to several possible reaction pathways. We can then theoretically model the reaction pathways and determine exactly which intermediates are formed. Hopefully, this should provide insight into how we can prevent the Maillard reaction from occurring. 3. Trying to order earbuds and a cast iron skillet from Amazon.com. I want to skillet so I can get some searing action on. In a beautiful bit of symmetry, seared meat is delicious for the exact reason that Changing World Technologies is having trouble turning carcasses into oilthe Maillard Reaction! Anyway, I really liked this review of a skillet on a certain online shopping site named after a tropical river: Of course it rusts if left in the sink too long. Its unfinished iron (before you season it), and iron rusts. You do not leave unseasoned cast iron cookware in the sink at all, ever, for any reason (or in any other constantly wet place). Toss any of your unfinished iron stuff into the sink. Itll rust. Your kid will wrinkle up if left in the bathtub for a couple hoursis this a deficiency in your kid? 4. Hanging out with the rest of the MIT Marching Band at Royal Bengal, a pretty decent $7 Indian Buffet two blocks down Mass Ave. There I learned more about the innerworkings of the female reproductive cycle than I ever thought possible from Caroline 08, a trombonist and Brain and Cognitive Sciences major. 5. Reading, among other things, The World According to Garp by John Irving. 6. Gearing up for the Burton Conner Ski Trip leaving tomorrow for Cannon Mt. at 5:45 AM sharp! $30 including transportation, lift ticket, and rentalshard to beat that. Its also hard to beat Jewel Master, but if you just stay close to Jardine the Mad and keep using Blade on him, it shouldnt be too hard. When he transforms into the freaky Terminator skull, use Level 3 Barrier to avoid taking too much damage. And thats all.

Questions On American Airlines, Flight 11 - 971 Words

Katie’s eyes blink open with a start as she looks over at the clock. â€Å"Up before the alarm.† She thinks with a smile. It feels like ages since she’s seen her family in Los Angeles. A long overdue visit home is just what she needs. She jumps out of bed, excited to start her day. After showering and dressing Katie eats her breakfast on the balcony. It’s a beautiful Boston morning, crisp with just a hint of fall in the air. Once winter comes there’ll be no sitting outside. But, today the bright blue sky shows no signs of what’s coming. Before heading out the door, she hurriedly checks her tickets one last time. Sure enough they are right where they were a few minutes ago, safe in the side pocket of her purse. Looking at her flight†¦show more content†¦With only a carry-on she quickly checks in and gets to her gate. â€Å"Now boarding American Airlines Flight 11 to Los Angeles.† The desk agent says over the loud speaker. â€Å"Could my timing be any more perfect?† Katie thinks as she walks toward her gate. Entering the plane, she looks at her boarding pass, seat 8E. She quickly finds her seat where a Middle Eastern man is occupying the aisle seat. Nodding toward the window seat, â€Å"That’s me.† She says. As she is struggling to heave her bag into the overhead bin the man gets up and assists her. â€Å"Thank you.† She says as she takes her seat. A few moments later the flight attendant says over the loud speaker, â€Å"We have a bit of a situation, this flight is full and we have a passenger who must get to LA for a medical crisis in her family. Would anyone be willing to take a later flight?† Katie looks around and nobody is offering to give up their seat. â€Å"Don’t get on that plane.† Without thinking, she raises her hand. â€Å"They can have mine.† As she’s leaving the plane a frazzled woman with a tear streaked face is coming towards her. â€Å"Thank you, my dad†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tears swallow her words and she takes her seat. Apologizing for the delay the flight attendant announces they’ll be taking off momentarily. At the airline counter Katie’s new tickets are already waiting, First Class, plus a voucher for food and drinks – nice. Sitting down at the bar Katie says, â€Å"It’s 5:00 o’clock somewhere, I’ll have aShow MoreRelatedSummary : 9 / 11 Essay1991 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Paper: 9/11 George W. Bush once said that â€Å"Our enemies have made the mistake that America’s enemies always make. They see liberty and think they saw weakness.† 9/11 was a devastating day in American history. Men, from the terrorist group Al Quada, attacked America on their own soil for the first time since Japan attack us at Pearl Harbor. But there are some things we can isolate from it. The basic overview of it. What were the terrorists doing to get ready for the day, and what was theirRead MoreEssay on September, the eleventh, 20011232 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"8:45 a.m.: A hijacked passenger jet, American Airlines Flight 11 out of Boston, Massachusetts, crashes into the north tower of the World Trade Center, tearing a gaping hole in the building and setting it afire. 9:03 a.m.: A second hijacked airliner, United Airlines Flight 175 from Boston, crashes into the south tower of the World Trade Center and explodes. Both buildings are burning. 9:43 a.m.: American Airlines F light 77 crashes into the Pentagon, sending up a huge plume of smoke. Evacuation beginsRead MoreThe True Definition of Hero vs the Medias Definition of Hero2280 Words   |  10 Pagesbelieve the 9/11 first responders and the victims are the heroes because they are the ones who were going about their business going to work and because of some barbaric people thousands of people lost their lives. There were (â€Å"total of number killed in attacks in New York 2,753 the number of firefighters and paramedics, officers, and port authority officers 403 first responders died in the 9/11 attacks.†) NY magazine 2012) There were other heroes that lost their life to the 9/11 attacks. ThereRead MoreThe World Trade Center On The Wall Of A Chicken Slaughterhouse2256 Words   |  10 Pagesthis question, when the article that had been previously denied by the New York Times, was mocked up by the artist and shared with the world proving that the two events were connected. What could have caused the New York Times to deny such an article and why did this artist feel the need to write it. In order to understand the following arguments about the subject one must truly understand what happened on that fateful day. On the morning of September 11, 2001, American Airlines Flight 11 and UnitedRead MoreSwot Analyses for Tui984 Words   |  4 PagesPorters five forces for Expedia Chapter 1 – American Airlines * PEST Analysis The utilization of a PEST analysis with regard to American Airlines takes into account the political, economic, social and technological (NetMBA, 2004) environment the industry is embroiled in and how this has, is and will threaten to impact its operations and profitability. It must be remembered that the   number of possibilities concerning macro-environmental aspects is almost limitless, thus concentrationRead MoreThe Airline Industry s Impact On The United States1309 Words   |  6 Pagesprofitability, the U.S airline industry was descended into a downward spiral. The number of passengers flying dropped from 56 million in August 2001 to 30 million in September with no passengers for two days after the attacks (Poling). It took three years for the airlines to reach the 56 million passenger mark again. The impact on the travel industry, specifically the airlines, was more severe than in other areas. Immediately following the September 11th attacks, the airline industry was severelyRead MoreI Know That More Deaths Occurred On 9 / 111067 Words   |  5 Pages2-2-16 Did you know that more deaths occurred on 9/11 than on Pearl Harbor? Most people don t know that these 19 terrorists killed more people in the US, than in the last couple decades. There are many questions asked about what happened on September 11th, but sadly, most of them remain unanswered. On Tuesday, September 11th, 2001 four airplanes we hijacked in the United States. This day will be remembered for a long time, it is known as 9/11. The four planes that were hijacked, were hijacked byRead MoreThe Homeland Security Act Of 20021333 Words   |  6 Pagesterrorism. In response to 9/11, the government, as well as the airline industry, has gone through many changes. As of result of 9/11, the airline industry lost a total of $7.7 billion. This paper reviews the reasons behind the making of the Homeland Security Act, the effects of 9/11 on the airline industry and the government, the purpose of the Homeland Security Act, and the aftermath of the Homeland Security Act. Reasons behind the Homeland Security Act On September 11, 2001, millions of peopleRead MoreEssay about Stereotyping in Today ´s Society987 Words   |  4 Pages Is every Muslim a terrorist? Do all Mexicans eat jalapeà ±os? Do all elderly people need to surrender their driver’s licenses? These questions represent different examples of stereotyping that are present in today’s society. Stereotyping, a predictable opinion or belief, can be connected to race, ethnicity, or religious affiliation. We make very different judgments about people we think to be terrorists, criminals, psychopaths, television stars, hitchhikers, and perverts. Stereotyping couldRead More Sept 11 2001 Attacks and Cover Up Essay example1199 Words   |  5 PagesSept 11 2001 Attacks Throughout history there have occurred many tragic events. On Sept. 11, 2001 an unforgettable event occurred, and will be remember throughout the ages of the United States history. On the tragic day of 9/11 a day that will be unforgettable, the unthinkable happened. The terror stuck the heart of New York City, two planes crashed into the world trade center and total chaos occurred, and lives where lost, and many injured. The terror didn’t end there, other plane hit The

Magical Solutions to Paper Writers Online Identified

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Alcohol and Its Effects on Children Free Essays

string(26) " them the help they need\." Andrelea Foerster Marriage Family Dr. Ekechukwu 4/12/13 The Impact on Children of Alcoholic Parents The significant and detrimental impact on family life and child development caused by parental alcohol use cannot be underestimated, often putting children in danger. Alcohol use and disorders are a major public health problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol and Its Effects on Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Alcohol abuse in poor and deprived communities is particularly deleterious as the scarce financial resources of the family needed for food, health care, and education are diverted to alcohol. Pinto, Violet) It rarely exists in isolation as a problem and is commonly intertwined with mental health, bereavement, family breakdown or domestic violence. Children are impacted in a number of different ways: parental alcoholism affects them financially; it affects their home environment; they may be exposed to unsuitable care and care givers or inadequate supervision, poor role models and inappropriate behavior; and their physical/emotional development and school attendance can suffer. Many children whose parents drink at a significant level can often find themselves having to take on the role of care giver, both for their siblings and their parents. Approximately 5-10% of the country’s population suffers from DSM-IV alcohol abuse, and this figure appears to be growing. Alcohol use problems affect spouses and children, unfortunately, in addition to the heavy substance users themselves. A recent study estimated that one in four American children have a parent who meets criteria for DSM-IV alcohol abuse. Brennan, Patricia) It is important to understand the feelings a parent will be experiencing in relation to their alcohol use and to recognize that just because a parent may or may not have disclosed that they have an alcohol problem, it does not necessarily mean the problem is not there. In practice, most standard policies and procedures are reactive to the parent admitting they have a problem. Consequently, workers from universal services often focus on gaini ng evidence and then initiating procedures, which is a difficult balance to strike as workers often have to make social services referrals when disclosures are made. If you do not know what the problem is you cannot fix it’ is a good place to start. In fact, it is difficult to meaningfully help a parent before they have accepted there is a problem; you cannot force change or engagement. From both sides, this can be difficult to manage as the positivity of a parent’s disclosure can be overshadowed by a reaction to the referral to children’s social care. Understandably, this can cause a dilemma for the professional and a great deal of anxiety for the parent. Encouraged by the disinhibiting effects of alcohol, they find it easier to enter the world outside their family borders in search of relief and self-assertion. † (Tomori, Martina) Professionals often worry about immediate safety when a parent has a drinking problem. Because they did not have an example t o follow from their childhood and never experienced â€Å"normal† family relationships, adult children of alcoholics and addicts may have to guess at what it means to be normal. They sometimes can’t tell good role models from bad ones. Some are not comfortable around family because they don’t know what to do or how to react. Many adult children of alcoholics or addicts find it difficult to give themselves a break. They do not feel adequate, and feel that they are never good enough. They may have little self-worth and low self-esteem and can develop deep feelings of inadequacy. Because they judge themselves too harshly, some adult children of alcoholics may take themselves very seriously. They can become depressed or anxious because they have never learned how to lighten up on themselves. They can get very angry with themselves when they make a mistake. Many adult children of alcoholics find it difficult to let them have fun. Perhaps because they witnessed so many holidays, vacations and other family events sabotaged by the alcoholic parent, they do not expect good things to ever happen to them. In order to have an intimate relationship, one must be willing to look to another person for interdependence, emotional attachment, or fulfillment of your needs. Because of trust issues or lack of self-esteem, adult children of addicts may not be able to let themselves do that. They don’t allow themselves to get close to others. After growing up in an atmosphere where denial, lying and keeping secrets was the norm, adult children of alcoholics can develop serious trust problems. All the broken promises of the past tell them that trusting someone will backfire on them in the future and because the alcoholic parent was emotionally unavailable or perhaps physically not around, adult children of alcoholics or addicts can develop an absolute fear of being abandoned. As a consequence, they can find themselves holding on to relationships they should end just because they don’t want to be alone. If their alcoholic parent was mean or abusive when they were drunk, adult children can grow up with a fear of all angry people. They may spend their lives avoiding conflict or confrontation of any kind, thinking it could turn violent. Because they constantly judge themselves too harshly, many adult children of alcoholics are constantly seeking approval from others. The can become people-pleasers who are crushed if someone is not happy with them. They can absolutely fear criticism. Many children who grow up with an addicted parent find themselves thinking they are different from other people and not good enough. Consequently, they avoid social situations and have difficulty making friends. They can tend to isolate themselves as a result. Perhaps to avoid criticism or the anger of their alcoholic parent, many children from alcoholic homes become super responsible or perfectionists. They can become overachievers or workaholics. On the other hand, they can also go in the opposite direction, becoming very irresponsible members of society. Handling disclosure is the key to being able to start to support a parent and get them the help they need. You read "Alcohol and Its Effects on Children" in category "Papers" Listen to what the parent is saying and recognize that by starting to talk about the alcohol problem they are acknowledging it exists. This is the first step and can be a very vulnerable time; parents can become distressed at this stage. The parent is usually in a very negative space and it is important that this is a positive interaction where they feel supported and have hope. If this is handled badly their defenses usually go up and they disengage. Ideally, parents should be listened to and reassured that they have done the right thing in acknowledging they have a problem and that they will be given the right support. Stay with them until they have finished saying everything they want to–they will usually indicate why drinking became a problem. End by reassuring them and explain what you are going to do to try to help them. This might involve referral to your local alcohol service, providing them with printed information or calling someone else to look after the children. It is a good idea at this stage to give them a diary sheet to keep track of what they are drinking, when and why. You can now also draw up a safety plan or contingency plan with the parent. This is important as it empowers the parent to take control of the situation, even while the problem drinking continues, and it is something they can immediately succeed at. It should prioritize the child’s needs and safety, which will also help the parent deal with feelings of guilt. We have all been in a room or meeting with a parent where we have suspicions of parental alcohol use. It is really important not to ignore this, but ‘say what you see’ and offer help. Don’t add a judgment, an assumption or interpret; simply say to the parent what you see. Examples of this could be: ‘I smell alcohol on your breath–if you need support with that we can help’ or ‘you seem unsteady on your feet, your speech seems slurred’. This is an important process for the parent even if it does not lead to a disclosure as it forces them to face some of their own denial. If this is not done they may convince themselves everything is fine. Fundamental to working with parents is accepting that it takes time to change. Goals need to be pragmatic, realistic and timely, with a focus on finding solutions rather than obstacles. Sometimes you have to accept that it may only be possible to put a simple routine in place and that the parent will need support with anything that needs longer-term planning. A useful tool is a basic wall chart, which does actually need to go on the wall so it can be checked. The chart should outline tasks to be completed each day. Allocate a specific day for household tasks; for example, laundry on Mondays and food shopping on Tuesdays. This is useful as it enables the parent to have some basic structure to their time. They can also tick things off as they are completed, which will increase their confidence and make day-to-day life seem more manageable. It is also not reliant on the problem behavior changing immediately. Things often get worse before they get better–be prepared initially for the parent to deteriorate before they improve. It is a process and parents need to learn new coping mechanisms; support networks can help. Think about things that can be changed and what can be put in place to support parents and their children through the period of change. Accepting and anticipating a realistic timetable is crucial. For example, when a child has had little or no supervision and a parent then starts to put boundaries in place the child will react negatively, especially if the parent is still drinking. Putting this part of the program in place will increase parents’ stress levels and could result in further drinking and disengagement with services. Therefore, think about support plans you might need for both parent and child. If the parent is still drinking they will find it difficult to maintain the changes. The situation could be handled by addressing the drinking first and ensuring the parent is engaged with an alcohol service that can provide relapse prevention support. Next, introduce intensive parenting support so the family has the maximum chance of benefiting from the intervention and maintaining the changes by using this support network to protect the family against wobbles. Think about the family as a system and look at what works well within it and ways other areas can be improved. This needs reviewing constantly, as if one factor changes the family dynamics will change. For example, if a parent’s alcohol consumption changes, the family system will change and these periods of adjustment are stressful for all involved. Sometimes you have to accept that the parent’s alcohol abuse might not improve immediately. However, the situation may change and, importantly, things may improve for the child over time–don’t give up. Children will record their parent’s actions at their worst. When Mom and Dad are most out of control, they are the most threatening to the child’s survival. The child’s survival alarm registers these behaviors the most deeply creating shame. Any subsequent shame experience, which even vaguely resembles that past trauma, can easily trigger the words and scenes of said trauma. What are then recorded are the new experience and the old. Over time an accumulation of shame scenes are attached together. Each new scene potentates the old, sort of like a snowball rolling down a hill, getting larger and larger as it picks up snow. As the years go on, very little is needed to trigger these collages of shame memories. Shame as an emotion has now become frozen and embedded into the core of the person’s identity. Children of alcoholics grow up trying to control their parents drinking by hiding or throwing away the alcohol. Then they try the use of guilt control – (If you really love me you’ll stop), or (You care more about that bottle than you care about me). They don’t realize that you cannot control or reason with a disease. Some try to cure the disease by being the perfect child; by keeping perfect grades, always being good, being responsible and trying to cure the illness, while keeping the path smooth for the drinker. To an outsider looking in, they are the perfect child. The truth of the matter is they are. People just don’t see the whole picture. Other children may choose to be the scapegoat, the one in trouble all the time. They are the family’s way of not looking at what’s really happening. Then there are those who become the class clown, making everyone laugh and all the while knowing that life is not really that funny. And then there is that little child off in the corner; the withdrawn child who never gives anyone any trouble and feels like he/she is invisible. All of these children look like a child, dress like a child, to some degree they behave like a child, but they sure as hell don’t feel like a child. Children of alcoholics grow up and become adults quickly. But underneath the mask of adult behavior there is a child who was neglected. This needy child is insatiable. What that means is that when the child becomes an adult, there is a hole in his/her soul. They can never get enough as an adult. An adult child can’t get enough because it’s really a child’s needs that are in question. Growing up and not having your needs met as a child creates many scars; co-dependency being one of the most serious. Much has been written about co-dependency. All agree that it is about the loss of selfhood. Co-dependency is a condition wherein one has no inner life. Happiness is on the outside. Good feelings and self-validation lie on the outside. Children of alcoholics, learn to be care takers or rescuers early in life. They’ve developed a mechanism that helped in coping with fear, pain, insecurity and growing up in an abusive alcoholic family. Usually this is how the child copes with not being able to get their own needs met. â€Å"Self-confidence and readiness to accept different, sometimes negative views and responses of others, coupled with the ability to cope with occasional refusals or failures, are the key characteristics that help adolescents adopt healthy patterns of social behavior. † (Tomari, Martina) But later in life, as an adult, those well learned habits imprison them in frustrating, painful, co-dependent relationships, at home and at work. Some of the most common side effects are guilt; the child may see himself or herself as the main cause of the mother’s or father’s drinking. Another is anxiety; the child may worry constantly about the situation at home. He or she may fear the alcoholic parent will become sick or injured, and may also fear fights and violence between the parents. Then the embarrassment; parents may give the child the message that there is a terrible secret at home. The ashamed child does not invite friends home and is afraid to ask anyone for help. Then comes confusion; the alcoholic parent will change suddenly from being lovey to angry, regardless of the child’s behavior. A regular daily schedule, which is very important for a child, does not exist because bedtimes and mealtimes are constantly changing. And then the anger; the child feels anger at the alcoholic parent for drinking, and may be angry at the non-alcoholic parent for lack of support and protection. Inability to have close relationships because the child has been disappointed by the drinking parent many times, he or she often does not trust others. Although the child tries to keep the alcoholism a secret, teachers, relatives, other adults, or friends may sense that something is wrong. Child and adolescent psychiatrists advise that the following behaviors may signal a drinking or other problem at home. Failure in school, lack of friends, withdrawal from classmates, delinquent behavior, such as stealing or violence, frequent physical complaints, such as headaches or stomachaches, abuse of drugs or alcohol, aggression towards other children, risk taking behaviors, depression and suicidal thoughts. Some children of alcoholics may act like responsible â€Å"parents† within the family and among friends. They may cope with the alcoholism by becoming successful â€Å"over achievers† throughout school, and at the same time be emotionally isolated from other children and teachers. Their emotional problems may show only when they become adults, but in fact they have been â€Å"adult children† their whole lives. â€Å"Adult Child† carries a double meaning: the adult who is trapped in the fears and reactions of a child, and the child who was forced to be an adult without going through the natural stages that would result in a healthy adult. When the adult child of a dysfunctional family begins to enter the â€Å"real world† schools and the workplace they discover their family system is not the reality shared by their classmates and co-workers. Many adult children become loners or form tight, unhealthy relationships with other children of dysfunctional homes. These relationships actually re-enforce their dysfunctional view of the world by â€Å"finding another person who really understands. † The tightness of the bonds created in these relationships is accented by the child’s lack of an individual sense of identity. They do not yet know where they stop and someone else begins. As a result they are unable to define their limits and begin to take on other people’s opinions, defects and needs. If the adult child is able to form lasting friendships (some never do), it is usually with other adult children who provide familiar characteristics similar to the family’s dysfunction. Adult children can be very slow to recognize the patterns of family problems. They spent their lives being trained by the family to not see the problem, even when they are re-created in friendships, marriages and work relationships. Whether or not their parents are receiving treatment for alcoholism, these children and adolescents can benefit from educational programs and mutual-help groups such as programs for children of alcoholics, Al-Anon, and Alateen. Early professional help is also important in preventing more serious problems for the child, including alcoholism. Studies from the US and Australia have shown that easy local alcohol access is associated with adolescent alcohol consumption and alcohol abuse. Dale, Richard) Child and adolescent psychiatrists help these children with the child’s own problems, and also help the child to understand they are not responsible for the drinking problems of their parents. The treatment program may include group therapy with other youngsters, which reduces the isolation of being a child of an alcoholic. The child and adolescent psychiatrist will often work with the entire family, particularly when the alcoholic parent has stopped drinking, to help them develop he althier ways of relating to one another. One very successful form of recovery for adult children involves acknowledging the existence of an inner child. The child, who was small, lost and without hope never really went away, but froze. Recovering adult children can find that inner child and resume the process of nurturing to allow him/her to complete the job of growing into a healthy adult. Many counselors, therapists and psychologists have been valuable to many adult children in the process of recovery. Growing up in an alcoholic family is certainly traumatic, and it seems there are no positive aspects involved. The fact of the matter is these children will be scarred for life and most likely need some kind of counseling in the future depending on the severity of the abuse. Too many children in America have lived through this dreadful lifestyle. Alcohol simply should never be abused, neither should the children. One misconception that many alcoholics and addicts seem to have is that their drinking or substance abuse is not affecting anyone else. Many times they will make statements like, â€Å"I’m not hurting anyone but myself! † Unfortunately, there is a great deal of research and a vast amount of anecdotal evidence that this is simply not the case. Hurt people . . . hurt people. † The behavior of addicts and alcoholics can affect everyone around them, including family, friends, employers and coworkers. Perhaps those most vulnerable to the effects of alcoholism or addiction are their children. If you have a drinking or a drug abuse problem and you have children in your h ome, they are being affected, sometimes so profoundly that the effects last their entire lifetimes. Children of alcoholics and addicts can have deep-seated psychological and emotional reactions to growing up with an addicted parent. Emergent from an alcoholic family is harrowing. In these homes, children experience a daily environment of inconsistency, chaos, fear, abandonment, denial, and real or potential violence. Survival becomes a full-time job. While most of us know that alcoholism is a disease, too few recognize it as a family disease, which may emotionally, spiritually and often physically, affect not only the alcoholic but each member of the family. Little emotional energy remains to consistently fulfill the many needs of children who become victims of the family illness. For many years, professional psychologists were barely aware of the vast pool of suffering of the family of alcoholics. They concentrated on healing the alcoholic and felt that it solved the problems of the family as well. Today they realize that the whole family suffers this sickness and all must be made well. By looking at what it is like to live in an alcoholic’s home, the side effects, and how to cope with the problem there is conclusive evidence to see how the disease negatively affects the children. Dale, Richard A. , et al. â€Å"Alcohol environment, gender and nonfatal injuries in young people. An ecological study of fourteen Swedish municipalities (2000-2005). †Ã‚  Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy  7 (2012): 36. Academic OneFile. Web. 18 Apr. 2013. http://proxy01. nwacc. edu:2076/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA307422823v=2. 1u=nwestakccit=rp=AONEsw=w Tomori, Martina. â€Å"Personality characteristics of adolescents with alcoholic parents. †Ã‚  Adolescence  29. 116 (1994): 949+. Academic OneFile. Web. 18 Apr. 2013. http://proxy01. nwacc. edu:2076/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA16477257v=2. 1u=nwestakccit=rp=AONEsw=w Brennan, Patricia A. , Emily R. Grekin, and Constance Hammen. â€Å"Parental alcohol use disorders and child delinquency: the mediating effects of executive functioning and chronic family stress *.   Journal of Studies on Alcohol  Jan. 2005: 14+. Academic OneFile. Web. 18 Apr. 2013. http://proxy01. nwacc. edu:2076/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA132050571;v=2. 1;u=nwestakcc;it=r;p=AONE;sw=w Pinto, Violet, and Rajan Kulkarni. â€Å"A Case Control Study on School Dropouts in Children of Alcohol-Dependent Males Versus that in Abstainers/Social Drinkers’ Children. †Ã‚  Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care  1. 2 (2012): 92. Academic OneFile. Web. 18 Apr. 2013. http://go. galegroup. com/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA313826180;v=2. 1;u=nwestakcc;it=r;p=AONE;sw=w How to cite Alcohol and Its Effects on Children, Papers

Women and Equality Regina and Birdie free essay sample

The women in The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellma. This paper looks at the way feminist issues are put forward and portrayed in this American literary classic. It discusses the characters of the two leading women, one a confident alcoholic, the other a servile wife. It shows the different ways they act to get their feelings and opinions across and talks about the author?s subtle way of making readers question women?s equality. From the paper; For one to understand the machinations of the women in Lillian Hellman?s classic play The Little Foxes, one must have a cursory understanding of Hellman herself. The inspiration for the play was her life. She based the play?s characters on members of her mother?s family, the Newhouses. Like the Hubbards, the Newhouse family became wealthy around the turn of the century through exploitive business enterprises in the South. Hellman?s grandmother Sophie Newhouse, who must have been one tough lady, is represented in the character of Regina. We will write a custom essay sample on Women and Equality: Regina and Birdie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hellman?s mother, Julia Newhouse, appears as the gentle, helpless Birdie (www.seasidemusictheater.org). Thus, Hellman, a woman of enormous contradictions, explores her own psyche, her concern for morality and women?s issues in the character depictions of Regina and Birdie.

Money or Family Values First Which Way to Go

Money or Family Values First Which Way to Go The fast paced life and major shifts in socioeconomic front witnessed in the 21st century has necessitated major re-alliances and re-alignments of what people consider important for their wellbeing and survival. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Money or Family Values First? Which Way to Go specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Principles and philosophies that not so long ago served to preserve the social fabric have been discarded, and their place taken by the inordinate self-directed obsession of monetary and wealth accumulation that is characteristic of most people living in this generation. While money and wealth accumulation are valid indicators of economic progress, the methodologies and strategies that are employed to gain them continues to raise more questions than answers. Today, more than ever before, people have become increasingly obsessed with their work for purposes of accumulating more wealth to an extent t hat family and societal values are relegated to a distant position in the hierarchy of needs perceived to be of importance. It is against this background that this paper purposes to evaluate by comparing and contrasting the various factors and issues that will assist us to understand what, between money and family values, should be of primary importance. It is indeed true that the dream of nearly everyone in this world is to become financially independent and happy, and money is largely viewed as the only silver conduit to financial freedom and enjoyment of life. However, it must be said that this kind of thinking is grounded on misconstrued facts and perceptions that only borders the bizarre. The foremost requirement for individuals aspiring to become financially stable and lead a happy life is to learn how to spend and save the money accrued over their lifetimes and, more importantly, how to invest the financial resources to attain stability. These valuable lessons are best inte rnalized at the family level, and family values play a significant role in molding the principles and perceptions of how young children will utilize their resources later in life depending on what they learn from their parents and older siblings. If the parents are careless with how they spend their money, chances are that the children will internalize that in their value system and will likely become careless spenders later on. As such, family values becomes the epicenter of shaping individual behavior and actions towards the attainment of a certain good, while money assumes the position of facilitating the attainment of a certain good such as that of becoming financially independent.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Establishing strong family values undoubtedly creates a foundation which permits people, especially young children, to make wise choices on their own. In deed, the values espoused at the family level not only acts as a moral guide to the members of a family, but also functions as the cornerstone of their own conscience. It is primarily the family that functions to instill such values as integrity, respect, forgiveness, self-discipline, and honesty, among others. In the absence of these values, money looses its place in making our lives more fulfilling by virtue of assisting us to meet our needs. Money, in its holistic form and nature, can neither be used to buy the values that are so fundamental to our very own existence such as self-discipline and honesty nor can it be used to buy some states of wellbeing such as happiness and health. For instance, movie celebrities are not only known for their fat wallets and fame, but also for their erratic behaviors such as drug abuse, law-breaking, and high-level divorces. On the contrary, the internalization of good family values into people’s lives allows them the opportunity to use money to enhance the attainment of states of wellbeing that guarantee happiness and health. As such, money assumes a secondary role of making our lives more fulfilling, and may indeed miss out on playing such a role in the absence of good family values. In line with the above, family values helps us discern what is good from the bad, and offers us the opportunity to develop our feelings of self-worth and identity. However, character and self-worth cannot be measured or evaluated in terms of dollars or monetary predisposition. It is true that money can bring security and comfort, but this should not be misconstrued to imply that an individual with lots of money is valued or evaluated using the monetary yardstick. For example, drug lords and bank robbers have a lot of money, but certainly aren’t perceived as people of upright moral values by individuals who know what they do. The fact that society defines people by their actions and behavior, not by their wealth, therefore ass umes a paramount role in this discussion. Certainly, the family is one of the most essential facets of an individual’s life, and the values transferred to the individual by the family institution define his self-worth and identity. As such, it is important to first entrench responsible actions and behavior at the family level before thinking about what money can do to transform lives in ways such as getting a good education, donating to charity, or establishing a business venture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Money or Family Values First? Which Way to Go specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It can be safely agued that family values assists individuals to develop their own world views in ways which money can possibly never achieve. The worldviews that people form are basic to their very own existence since they helps them traverse various life challenges by formulating strategies and frameworks for proper conf lict resolution and coping mechanisms. It is universally agreeable that a weak, negative, or disjointed worldview only serves to occasion more problems that cannot be solved by the financial capability of an individual. For example, Mike Tyson was a great and astute boxer, but his negative worldview arising from his poor upbringing as a child brought him problems with the law enforces that could not be solved by his vast financial resources, resulting in his jailing. This example demonstrates that family values are extremely important in assisting an individual to develop a positive worldview, which inarguably goes a long way to define the capacity of such an individual in developing relationships with others and in conflict resolution. Money and wealth cannot assist an individual in developing good relationships or solving conflicts that are so prevalent in modern society in the absence of family values and, as such, they only assume a secondary role as far as values are concerne d. It is a well known fact that family values are affected by the socioeconomic realities within the family setup, and that money is an important indicator of the socioeconomic status of a family. Indeed, some individuals use this line of thinking to conclude that families with strong economic status have strong family values, implying that money and the wealth it accumulates are the foremost determinants of a family’s capacity to have good family values. However, this is a fallacy that is not only wrong in its interpretation, but has served to instill a misplaced perception that money is everything. In India, for example, the Caste system aligns families with their social economic status, but no evidence has to date been adduced to the effect that families within the lower castes have lesser family values than those in the upper levels of the system. As a matter of fact, it is more rational to argue along the continuum that family values determines the socioeconomic status of individuals since evidence can be adduced to support this argument. For example, children from families which abhor alcoholism and drug abuse are more likely to become successful in life than those reared by alcoholic parents. As such, family values are more important than money All in all, the above discussion has demonstrated why family values must take precedence over monetary considerations. Money is good, but it is not the panacea for leading a prosperous and fulfilling life. However, the capitalistic nature of modern society coupled with misleading media reports and advertisements are entrenching a new angle in our perceptions about what money can do for us to a point where the position of family values in the social matrix is increasingly been threatened by our compulsive love for money. Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When parents start to worship money, children will have no alternative other than to view money as of primary importance to the values that will help them later in life. This trend should be reversed at all costs.

How the Macbeth Witches Drive the Plays Plot

How the Macbeth Witches Drive the Play's Plot To say that the witches in William Shakespeares Macbeth play crucial roles in the drama would be an understatement. Without the witches, there would simply be no story to tell, as they move the plot.   The Five Predictions of the Macbeth Witches During the play, the Macbeth witches make five key predictions: Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor.Banquo’s children will become kings.They advise Macbeth to â€Å"beware Macduff.†Macbeth cannot be harmed by anyone â€Å"of woman born.†Macbeth cannot be beaten until â€Å"Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane shall come.† Four of these predictions are realized during the action, but one is not. Although Banquo’s children do not become kings during the course of the play, they do escape murder and could return at some point in the future. At the end of the play, it is left for the audience members to decide whether they believe the Macbeth witches.   Although the witches appear to have great skill at prophesying, its not certain whether their prophecies are preordained.  If not, do they simply encourage Macbeth to become active in constructing his own fate? It is perhaps part of Macbeth’s character to shape his life according to the predictions- whereas Banquo does not. This might explain why the only prophecy not realized by the end of the play relates directly to Banquo and cannot be shaped by Macbeth (although Macbeth would also have little control over the â€Å"Great Birnam Wood† prediction). The Macbeth Witches Influence The witches in Macbeth are important because they provide Macbeth’s call to action. The witches prophesies also affect Lady Macbeth, albeit indirectly when Macbeth writes his wife about seeing the weird sisters, as he calls them. After reading his letter, shes ready right away to plot to murder the king and worries her husband will be too full o  th milk of human kindness to commit such an act. Although he doesnt think he can do such a thing, Lady  Macbeth  has no question in her mind that they would succeed. Her ambition steels him. Thus, the witches influence on Lady Macbeth only increases their effect on Macbeth himself- and, by extension, the entire plot of the play. The Macbeth witches provide the dynamism that has made  Macbeth  one of Shakespeare’s most popular and intense  plays. How Shakespeare Made the Witches Stand Out   Shakespeare  used a number of devices to create a sense of otherness and malevolence for the  Macbeth  witches. For example, the witches speak in rhyming couplets, which distinguishes them from all other characters. This poetic device  has made their lines among the plays most memorable. Also, the Macbeth witches are said to have beards, making them difficult to identify as either gender. Last, they are always accompanied by storms and bad weather. Collectively, these traits give them an otherworldly cast. Shakespeares Age-Old Question By writing the Macbeth witches as he did, Shakespeare is asking an age-old question: Are our lives already mapped out for us, or do we have a hand in what happens? At the end of the play, the audience is forced to consider the extent to which the characters have control over their own lives. The debate over free will versus Gods preordained plan for humanity has been debated for centuries and continues to be debated today.

San Diego International Airport Green Project Research Paper

San Diego International Airport Green Project - Research Paper Example Therefore, airports are important regional, national and international commerce. They create an avenue for the connection of a nation’s aviation system with other modes of transport. There is a need to carry out research to solve operating problems by adopting new technologies, and introduce innovation to the airport industry. When planning to implement a terminal improvement project, the terminal planning process should provide insights on potential issues and future trends that they affect the functionality of that terminal (Ashford, Mumayiz, & Wright, 2011). Significant changes in technology, airline operations and industry structure have occurred, creating the need for a balance of importance of certain planning factors for airport terminal buildings. These changes have occurred in cost effectiveness, passenger and baggage security, gate utilization to ensure low cost, and concessions (Brown, 2010). The airport and aviation industry is ever changing. This has led to the need for today’s airport buildings to be planned and constructed in ways that will safeguard flexibility for future modification at the list expense, while responding to variations in demand, the changing passenger needs, airlines and aircraft. Therefore, there has to be a flexible, balanced and visionary planning for airport terminals to ensure future flexibility (Brown, 2010). It should be noted that the creation of plans and designs of airports that provide superior services to travelers is difficult. Airport operational needs are extremely dynamic, creating more challenges in the planning and designing of sustainable airports (Brown, 2010). Additionally, in most cases, capital investment resources for expansion and construction of modern, efficient airports are limited. Therefore, development of airport facility designs which can provide the

Multiple choices questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multiple choices questions - Assignment Example inners of World War II, in which the United States therefore bore the burden of leadership in the free world and was obligated to defend both democracy and freedom. It was a reality in which the US was threatened -- psychologically, politically and militarily -- by the expansion of and aggression from, among others, a totalitarian Soviet Union and the international Communist movement it sponsored (Weldes 1996: 283). 4. Crucial to the following analysis is that the institutional feature which distinguishes democracies from autocracies is the existence of a popularly elected legislature with the capacity to constrain a countrys chief executive. We assume that legislatures are more protectionist than executives in democracies and show that, even so, pairs of democracies are more likely than mixed pairs to liberalize commerce. We claim that this institutional difference contributes to a greater tendency for pairs of democratic countries to agree upon lower trade barriers than pairs comprised of a democracy and an autocracy (i.e., mixed pairs) (Mansfield, et al. 2000: 304-305). 5. ... Economic polarization is related to the alientation that groups of people feel against each other, and this alienation is enforced by notion of within-group cohesion and identity. ... What matters for conflict ... is rather economic polarization. ... [A] society that is split into two well-defined groups with [differences] in incomes is particularly likely to experience social unrest (Ostby 2008: 146). 6. A fundamental assertion of balance-of-power thought is that large-scale conflict between nations will be avoided when their power is approximately equal, and, conversely, will be more likely between nations that diverge in their power. This assertion is based on the assumption, frequently hidden, that in a conflict between any two nations there is a direct relationship between power and victory, and, other considerations aside, the more powerful nation will prevail (Siverson and

Reviewing The Film Version Of Brokeback Mountain Film Studies Essay

Reviewing The Film Version Of Brokeback Mountain Film Studies Essay This essay will aim to compare the film version of Brokeback Mountain with Annie Proulxs short story. It will explain, discuss as well as evaluate the ways in which Ang Lee represented key themes and ideas through-out the film. Many themes and ideas were dealt with in the film, some of which will be looked at such as, relationships, love, desire and the gothic. Ang Lee was able to express Jack and Enniss masculinity through their physical features, the jobs that they undertook, as well as through their clothing, throughout the movie. The two men were seen to be working on the land, doing strenuous physical labour and played out the masculine roles in society. In both the movie and the short story Jack and Ennis relationship with nature was masculine in the way that they spent a great deal of time in the open countryside at work. Their relationship with the land strengthened through the depiction of their love making on Brokeback Mountain which showed their deep connection and confidence with their surroundings. Even though the men were portrayed as masculine figures throughout both the film and the story, there was also a very prominent shift in the gender roles, as Jack and Ennis both alternated between the traditional roles of male female. Central to Proulxs thinking is not only the subjectivity of people shaped by geographical constrain ts, limits and opportunities, but also that the social worlds produced reveal personal narratives of engagement which often question determined social roles.  [1]  It could be argued that the short story was wholly about the love of two men for each other and how this impacted on the lives they were expected to lead. However the movie focused more on their home life and domestic roles, such as Ennis failing to provide and care for his children. The short story only briefly mentioned Ennis family life. In the movie, there was great insight into the mens married life whereas in the book there is not much emphasis on this. This would have helped the viewer to delve more deeply into their personal lives and therefore have a better understanding of them. The women in the film version of Brokeback Mountain were more visible, referred to more and had a significantly active role in the story in relation to Jack and Ennis. The viewer was able to see life from the womens points of view and into the hardships of their lives. Whereas in the short story they were merely portrayed as obstacles that stopped Jack and Ennis from pursuing their romantic relationship. It could be argued that Ang Lee did not want women to merely be on the margin in this film, he probably wanted to bring the women to the foreground of the story since conventional relationships are between men and women, unlike Proulx whose version was more closely focused around the relationship between Jack and Ennis. In both versions the women were powerless to affect what was going on, especially after they eventually discovered that Jack and Ennis were more than just friends. There was nothing that they could do, as they were unable to effectively influence the situation in thei r favour,. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and the door opening and Alma looking out for a few seconds at Enniss straining shouldersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.She had seen what she had seen.  [2]  In addition, this story was set at a time when women were seen to be more dominant in the private domestic sphere, therefore they seemed to be naÃÆ' ¯ve of about the goings on in the outside world and perhaps did not have a loud enough voice to stand up to men. One of the main themes in Ang Lees film version of Brokeback Mountain was the added dimension of nature and the surroundings of the west in which the film was set. Proulx references to the landscape to set the scenes were very descriptive throughout the story. The mountain boiled with demonic energy, glazed with flickering broken-cloud light; the wind combed the grass and drew from the damaged krummholz and slit rock a bestial drone.  [3]  The amazing awe-inspiring shots of the landscape in Ang Lees movie, gave a new dimension to the film as the shots of nature became just as much a part of the film as the story line. The beauty of the shots nearly as important as dialogue  [4]  The impact that nature had on people who already felt comfortable in the open country were given more depth and significance. Spending time together on Brokeback Mountain was like a retreat or a safe haven from society in which Jack and Ennis would have been judged because of the nature of their relationship. Whilst on Brokeback Mountain the emphasis on nature meant that they felt free and at peace away from society and were able to be themselves without the risk of being ridiculed or judged. The image of the dead sheep on the mountain, in the film, acted as a metaphor for the idea that even though the men felt safe and free on the mountain they were still vulnerable in the eyes of society. The main themes that ran through the film were that of love, relationships and desire. There were great similarities in the short story and the movie in the ways in which the characters related to each other, their emotion and concern. The way that Jack was so caring towards Ennis, was expressed perfectly through both mediums. The way their relationship was portrayed was so painful as they could never be together was shown in different ways in both the short story and the movie. They have to privatise their feelings  [5]  . The original dialogue from the story added another dimension to Ang Lees film. As a lot of the time the characters whispered or spoke in a quiet manner, it gives the impression that what they were saying was not to be shared with others. The scene in the movie where Ennis became hysterical after Jacks departure from Brokeback Mountain, was very much more heartfelt and emotional than in the short story, within a mile Ennis felt like someone was pulling his guts out  [6]  . The emotion was not felt whilst reading the book, it was better conveyed in the movie. The reason for this may have been as a result of the musical soundtrack and the close up camera shots which showed Ennis as totally distraught. This was apparent also near the end of the film by the lines, I wish I knew how to quit you'  [7]  , which were spoken, the tone and volume of which this short line was spoken displayed the pain that Ennis and Jack were enduring by being apart. In addition, in the final scene at Jacks house with the two shirts, one inside the other; the scene was portrayed better visually than in the book due to the impact that the music had over the scene, which was not achieved in the short story. However, it the words used in the short story were powerful in their simplicity. The shirt seemed heavy until he saw there was another inside ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the pair like two skins, one inside the other, two in one.  [8]  On a literal level this scene added shaped to the story, as the story ended where it started, both with dreams, both with shirts. Both the movie and the short story expressed key elements of the gothic. Two of the most prominent elements were violence and mystery. Proulxs short story had an ambiguous ending in which the reader was unsure of how Jack died and who killed him. His family and Ennis were left wondering if it was an accident or if it was on purpose as a result of someone finding out about his secret relationship with Ennis. The ending was left for the viewer to decide and to use their imagination as to who killed Jack and how he was killed, quite like a murder mystery. Not only did I want to be loyal to [Proulxs] writing, but I needed to do additional scenes to confirm her writing, because we dont have the internal depictions which she did most brilliantly.  [9]  This was true consistently throughout the film. There were many sections in the film that did not appear in the story, such as the argument between Jack and his father-in-law on Thanksgiving, and the scenes where Jack went to Mexico to explore his sexuality and the greater depth and insight into their family lives and the people closest to them. Scenes even appeared in a different order. However things that were missing from the film were filled with extended scenes that were also not in the short story. These extended scenes gave the viewer a greater insight into the lives of Jack and Ennis as well as those that they interacted with. Futhermore in the movie Ang Lee used flashbacks as well as clips which gave the viewer a greater insight into the unknown, and to things that were below the surface of the characters initial thoughts. The viewer always had the fuller picture drawn out for them, which was pieced together by the actual storyline. This was present in the way that Ang Lee used a flashback to show how Ennis father showed him what happened to a man who lived with another male however this was not presented in the same way in the short story. The movie was quite direct and visual and the story had a definitive ending and the audience knew exactly what happened to Jack even if the other characters in film did not. The use of the movie as a visual aid meant that there was more freedom in the idea of the gothic with the gruesome scenes of the man who was castrated as well as the murder of Jack. The book ended as it stated that the love felt by Ennis was endured, but it was only an end to the physical but not emotional love. It was as if the story still continued beyond the text, and would continue to do so as long as society failed to move on. There was some open space between what he knew and what he tried to believe, but nothing could be done about it, and if you cant fix it youve got to stand it.  [10]   The long silences and deep stares that were exchanged between Jack and Ennis throughout the film expressed their unspoken love, this was more effectively displayed in the film than the short story. Because of their stoic characters, the story has much to do with what is unspoken, with the shame and guilt that fills them  [11]  This made the film a lot more powerful than the story as a result of these silences. narrative detail is echoed by Ang Lee cinematically. The beauty and purity of the emotions is matched by the rustic majesty of the landscape; in reducing the story to a universe of simplicity of scenery and emotion, Lee was trying to create a new depth for a love story.  [12]  As a result of the shame and guilt that would have been forced upon them whilst in society Brokeback Mountain gave them a sense of freedom to do things that would not have been acceptable in society at the time. Ang Lee tells us that the focus on emotion cannot be articulated in words, and employs the imagined iconic solitude of the cowboy  [13]  The use of camera shots such as panning and close ups helped to covey the emotion through the screen to the viewer, this therefore enabled the viewer to have a better emotional connection with the characters. One of the main adaptations that Ang Lee made to the film version of Brokeback Mountain was his selection of his cast, especially the main characters. Whereas in the short story Jack and Ennis were not described as overly good looking men, however Ang Lees cast did not portray this.

Is Therese Raquin a Naturalist Novel?

Is Therese Raquin a Naturalist novel? Emile  Zola is often considered the chief literary theorist of the Naturalist movement and so one would assume that his creative offspring, including the novel Therese Raquin, would display the traits of the genre. Zola may be responsible for many of the conventions that one would associate with Naturalism and so naturally you could extend this logic to argue that his work defines the genre.To the modern reader, Therese Raquin appears anything but naturalistic with a dramatic, fast moving plot that boasts murder, adultery and revenge that almost becomes synthetic in places. However, for the sake of this essay, I must decide upon a firm definition for Naturalism, in its correct historical context, in order to debate and speculate as to whether Therese Raquin can be read or interpreted as a Naturalist novel.Naturalism may be defined as a scientifically accurate extension of realism characterized by a magnified perspective through which the author displays the primitive nature of humans (using characters with strong animal drives who are â€Å"victims both of glandular secretions within and of sociological pressures†) and adopts an objective and emotionally detached approach to the characters in order to demonstrate the weaknesses and tragedies of 19th Century society, particularly amongst the lower classes.Zola’s prefaces to his novels at as essays on Naturalism and much of the deterministic and scientific philosophy behind the movement may be found, for example in the preface to Therese Raquin, Zola writes that he sees himself as a â€Å"mere analyst, who may have turned his attention to human corruption, but in the same way as a doctor becomes absorbed in an operating theatre† and comments that â€Å"the return to nature, the naturalistic evolution which marks the century, drives little by little all the manifestation of human intelligence to the same path†.Firstly I will explore the common con ventions of Naturalism that are present in Therese Raquin. For example is the typical Naturalistic characterisation through the use of the four temperaments (stemming from Galen’s four humours) that the author regards in higher importance than the actual characterisation as he states that he proposed to â€Å"study temperaments and not characters†. Zola assigns certain temperaments to his characters to establish inter-character relations in the plot and demonstrate the animalistic nature of humans.Laurent may be associated with sanguine (â€Å"handsome, full blooded†), Therese with melancholy and Camille with phlegmatic qualities. By using this device, Zola adds a certain amount of reality and human nature to the pot which is, of course, an essential aspect to the genre of Naturalism. Also by using these temperaments to define the psychology of his characters, Zola incorporates scientific elements, as if he is conducting a sociological study of background in rel ation to the  milieu and subsequently the psychological study of individual characters in particular circumstances.Naturalism, as a movement, is in debt to the scientific enlightenment with scientists, such as Darwin, who popularised new ways of thinking that evolved around the concept of biological determinism and the author adopted these views in response, stating that Naturalists are â€Å"men of science†. Biological determinism may be thought of as a melting pot of biology and philosophy, suggesting that humans merely respond to the surrounding  environmental forces  and  internal drives,  none of which they can control or understand, in essence we are little more than a â€Å"human brute†.In essence we are driven by the very primitive urges and instincts of hunger, sex and fear. Within Therese Raquin we see these attributes materialise throughout the book and become particularly prevalent in the sexual undertones of Therese’s affair with Laurent, something that disgusted many of Zola’s critics. However it is more obvious to the modern reader that Zola, through his dramatic plot, is demonstrating a level of determinism in the sense that life makes its conclusions, and the Naturalistic novelist's task is to represent those conclusions, rather than contribute his own.Controversy may be viewed as another defining characteristic of the Naturalistic genre and if we are to consider Therese Raquin in its correct historical context (1867), it is not difficult to understand why it caused much scandal due to Zola’s honest and uncompromising exploration of the darkest aspects of human existence. One critic, Louis Ulbach, wrote in Le Figaro  in January 1868 that the novel was â€Å"a pool of mud and blood† and was a perfect example of â€Å"the utter filth that is contemporary literature†.It is the disposition of the Naturalist writer that assumes an amoral attitude to the plot and acts somewhat as a voyeur rather than a judge. Personally I view Francois, the same cat over which many critics and scholars speculate as to whether it is the cat in Manet’s portrait Olympia, as somewhat of a metaphor for the Naturalist author. Francois is present in many of the most climatic and socking scenes, most notably the passionate scene of Camille’s murder, and remains detached but also demands some sort of presence so much so that Laurent becomes frightened and wants to â€Å"kill the beast† as he remarks how â€Å"human† it looks.The fact that Laurent almost personifies the cat may suggest that animal and man are alike in the very basic sense of instinct. I think that the Naturalist author assumes a similar stance to this cat as he remains a quiet and unbiased third party, recording the events without judgment, acting as a journalistic voyeur, which is relevant to this novel as Zola discloses that he is â€Å"simply an observer, who states the facts†.On its publi shing, Therese Raquin was accused of immortality and if the critics were not accusing Zola of an â€Å"alleged perversion of public morality† then it would be for the novel’s â€Å"unsound philosophic and aesthetic assumptions†. Despite these accusations of immorality, Zola defends himself saying that it was, in fact, immoral to refrain from including such behaviour as the lack of obvious moral material was corrupting and that â€Å"the process of honest examination purifies everything, just as fire does. Another aspect of this novel that argues in favour of Therese Raquin being a Naturalist novel is the sense of pessimism that one feels when reading it. This negative atmosphere is created by deliberately making the novel feel claustrophobic with the author using a number of devices such as an omniscient third person narrative, a limited number of characters and settings as well as a prevalent theme of imprisonment.For example, Zola’s displays Laurentâ⠂¬â„¢s captivity within his own guilt through describing his â€Å"hallucinations† of paranoia which reinforces the theme of claustrophobia and imprisonment. There is also much imagery that could be associated with hell with reference to vaults and holes, for example Therese admits she feels like she is â€Å"going down into the clammy earth of a pit† and that she is buried â€Å"in a vault†. The presentation of Laurent and Therese in relation to such pessimism and claustrophobia demonstrates their remorse and shows great burden of murder.Zola uses the setting to suggest that any world beyond the working class community provides a sense of claustrophobia and stresses the difficulties of escaping this life, thus creating a social trap. The relevance of such pessimism in relation to a Naturalist novel is found in the absence of ideology; life is not ideal and so to create an accurate portrait humanity, the author must make the plot realistic which means that negat ivity is sometimes exaggerated.Charles Child Walcutt states that Zola seizes reality through his use of the characters’ temperaments and â€Å"transforms that temperament into a work of art†. Indeed the aspect of art is important in arguing that Therese Raquin is not in fact a Naturalist novel as however fiercely the author claimed to be scientific and methodical in his approach to the composition process, he never believed that the naturalist author was solely functioning on a mechanical level any more than he considered that artists, such as Manet, were replicating reality.It is no secret that Zola was heavily influenced by such artists who were straying from the previous Romantic Movement into a more Naturalistic style and consequently there is an innate correlation between the Movement in particularly French art and literature. In both cases the author or artist strives to symbolize the truth of nature, avoiding purely mimicking nature itself in order to obtain a c ertain amount of artistic individuality and a sense of poeticism to the work.In conclusion, I believe that one must approach analysing Therese Raquin outside of its historical context with caution as it can distort a modern day reader’s opinion as to whether this is a true Naturalist work due to the fact that a modern reader has been exposed to far more scandalous materials that may strike us a more gritty than Zola’s novel.However, from the extensive criticism and scandal that Therese Raquin stirred when it was first published, we can imagine that it was the one of most openly human and frank portrayals of life that the Victorians had been exposed to and so if we are to make a judgment in relation to its context, I believe it is a Naturalist novel. It also feels slightly awkward to debate the genre of Therese Raquin because its author was one of the most prolific and pioneering writers in Naturalism.Therefore I think it is valid to suggest that Therese Raquin may be t hought of as a defining work for the genre of Naturalism and we should, instead, speculate over other supposed Naturalist materials in relation to Zola’s novels. Rather that comparing Zola’s writing to a set of Naturalist criteria to the reinforce this novel’s validity as a member of the Naturalist genre, I am able to see the scaffolding that Zola created, allowing many Naturalist successors to build on to add more substance in order to write the more edgy literature we are familiar with today.Therese Raquin is a Naturalist novel that is not an imitation of reality but a scientific study of humanity. The author successfully presents the primitive and uncontrolled nature of humans in relation to their setting or circumstance with uncompromising and bold attention to detail. The novel displays the simple â€Å"application of the experimental method to the study of nature and of man†, which in itself is a definition of Naturalism. Select Bibliography 1.Emile Zola, Therese Raquin (1868) 2. Ferragus. La litterature putride , (Le Figaro. 23 January 1868) 3. Clarence R. Decker The Aesthetic Revolt against Naturalism in Victorian Criticism, p 845, Vol. 53, No. 3 (Sep. , 1938) 4. Charles Child Walcutt, American literary naturalism: a divided stream ( Minnesota, 1956) ——————————————– [ 2 ]. , M. H Abrams, A Glossary of Literary Terms, 5th Edition (published ,San Francisco, 1988) [ 3 ].Emile Zola, Therese Raquin Preface de la deuxieme edition (1868) [ 4 ]. Emile Zola, Therese Raquin Preface de la deuxieme edition (1868). The author calls both Therese and Laurent â€Å"human brutes, [ 5 ]. Ferragus. La litterature putride , (Le Figaro. 23 January 1868) [ 6 ]. Clarence R. Decker The Aesthetic Revolt against Naturalism in Victorian Criticism, p 845, Vol. 53, No. 3 (Sep. , 1938) [ 7 ]. Charles Child Walcutt, American literary naturalism: a div ided stream ( Minnesota, 1956)

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